A brief overview of the applications focuses on the original approaches and new application fields. The results, the techniques that are applied, and those that may be applied in further studies, are listed and discussed. Novel phenomena detected by the imaging techniques and measurement of discharge parameters in the reviewed discharges are also presented. It also covers innovative approaches in the generation of plasma in contact with liquids. The article provides an overview of the breakdown mechanisms in discharges in contact with liquid, emphasizing the recently studied specifities of plasma jets impinging on the liquid surface, and discharge generation with a high overvoltage. The work mainly focuses on the physical processes and phenomena in these plasmas with an attempt to provide a review of the latest and the most important research outcomes in the literature. This article reviews recent progress and insight in the research of low-temperature plasmas in contact with liquids at atmospheric pressure. An understanding of the fundamental processes in plasma, and of the interaction of plasma with liquid, enables the optimization of plasma chemistry in large-scale plasma devices with liquid electrodes. Electrical discharges in contact with liquids are a rich source of reactive species in gas and in liquid phase which can be used to break polluting compounds in water or to induce healing processes in medical applications. The study of plasma–liquid interactions has evolved as a new interdisciplinary research field driven by the development of plasma applications for water purification, biomedicine and agriculture. In the multiple current peak mode of the DBD, EFD was measured during each of the three current peaks and no noticeable difference between them is observed. Linear fits of the EFDs showed that the length of the cathode fall region is smaller in the gas mixture than in pure helium. Electric field space distributions in both gas discharges, obtained at 20 kPa pressure, showed linear decreasing in the cathode region, which is a typical characteristic of the glow discharge. Using the Stark polarization spectroscopy technique based on the He I 492.19 nm line and its forbidden counterpart, the electric field distribution (EFD) was measured in the cathode region of the DBD in helium and in the helium–hydrogen mixture. In the helium discharge, the excitation of hydrogen Hβ is delayed compared with the excitation of the helium atomic line, while in the gas mixture both lines are excited simultaneously. The DBD in helium was diffuse in the whole range of the applied voltage, while in the gas mixture the discharge operated in diffuse mode only in the regime with more than three current peaks. It controls over 1 million acres of prospective helium land across southern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta.Time–space-resolved optical emission spectroscopy was used for the investigation of a diffuse dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in helium and in 95%He + 5%H2 gas mixture. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan-based Royal Helium plans to become a leading North American producer of helium. Royal Helium intends to use the net proceeds from the offering to fund the commencement of various early works projects, as well as the engineering and design related to the construction of its planned helium production plant in Steveville, Alberta. READ: Royal Helium awards Steveville processing plant construction contract to Alberta's Arjae Design Solutions The underwriters exercised the first tranche of the over-allotment option amounting to C$256,875.32. The offering was led by Cormark Securities Inc and included Eight Capital and Haywood Securities Inc as underwriters, the company said. Each whole warrant entitles its holder to purchase an additional share at a price of C$0.32 for three years. The company issued over 27.9 million units, each consisting of one common share and one share purchase warrant. Royal Helium Ltd (TSX-V:RHC, OTCQB:RHCCF) has completed a previously announced bought-deal financing that generated gross proceeds of more than C$7.2 million.
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